Consciousness-Raising at Oberlin College During the Second Wave: Gender and Sexuality Conferences and Workshops


Part 1: Student-Focused Consciousness Raising     |      Part 2: Staff-Focused Consciousness Raising
Part 3: Administrative Response to Consciousness Raising   |     Appendices

Document 1: “Brave New Women” Conference     |      Document 2: George Langeler to Ann Fuller, 23 October 1972
Document 3: “Snakes ‘N Snails ‘N Puppy-Dog’s Tails” Speech     |       Document 4: Questions for Young Men


Document 4: Questions for Young Men

Title: Questions for Young Men

Author: N/A

Date: October 1973

Location: Series I. Administrative Records, Subseries 14. Subject Files, Box 2. Dean of Students Papers, RG 12, O.C.A.

Document Type: Typed document

 

Content Warning: brief hypothetical description of sexual assault and street harassment.

 

Introduction:

            This handout, entitled “Questions for Young Men” was used during the Men’s Conference of 1973 to denaturalize men’s roles and actions in society and everyday life. These questions also aimed to raise awareness of how these roles might be oppressive to women, addressing such behavior as cat-calling. The questions are personal, asking men to think about how their female family members and friends may feel marginalized in society based on the men’s own actions. The questions also demand that the men think about their behavior in looking at, talking to, or touching women, and how these actions may make women uncomfortable. They also point out that such actions are only deemed socially acceptable when performed by men. As collective consciousness-raising, these questions rely on a technique used throughout the Second Wave.

These questions are also interesting in the ways in which they both intersect with and differ from the concerns of many modern male feminists, or their evil alter-egos, the “men’s rights activists.”  The comprehensiveness of these questions offers an interesting insight into the issues that were important to men in 1973, and provides an interesting glimpse into the society of the time.

 

Original                       Both                    Transcription

 

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Transcription:

 

QUESTIONS FOR YOUNG MEN:

 

1) At what age did you begin training to be a man?  Did you have a blue blanket or a pink one?

2) Did you play with dolls when you were a child? Did your sister?

3) Did you have toy tools? Did your sister?

4) Were you called a cry-baby and told that boys don’t cry?

5) How old were you before your parents decided you were too old to shower with your sisters and/or your girl cousins? Did they they tell you why?

6) When did you stop playing in mixed groups and start to play only with boys? How was this enforced by the other boys and by adults?

7) When did you stop playing non-competitive games like leap-frog and start playing competitive games like baseball? Who taught you?

8) How did the other guys get you to play these sompetative [sic] games? How important to you was it to win? How important was it not to be the worst/last? What happened to the people who came in last?

9) How often did you see your father when you were young?  How often did you see your mother?  Were your teachers in school mostly men or mostly women?  Why?

10) Did your father do any of the housework?  Did he sweep the floors?  Dust?  Buy groceries?

11) Does your mother hold a job outside the house? Who makes more money, your father or your mother?

12) Have you ever heard of a household in which the woman holds down a job for money and the man stays at home and does the housework?  If not, why not?

13) Does your mother resent the years of her life which she spent confined to your house?

14) Is your mother an oppressed woman?

15) What kind of chores have you had to do around the house?  Did you wash dishes and clean?  Did you mow the lawn and take out the garbage?  What kind of chores do the girls that you know perform?

16) Did you have more freedom than girls your age?

17) What did you do to earn money? Did you babysit? Have a paper route?

Sojourner Truth Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).
Sojourner Truth
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

18) Did boys and girls play baseball together when you were in high school? Were gym classes co-ed?

19) How many girls took auto shop?  How many guys tooks [sic] home economics or typing?

20) How do classes react to “ugly” women teachers? What does “ugly” mean?

Margaret Sanger Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).
Margaret Sanger
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

21) How many famous women can you name, not counting movie stars and the wives of famous men?

22) Who was Sojourner Truth? Susan B. Anthony? Clara Barton? Margaret Sanger?[1] What were you told about the women’s sufferage [sic] movement in your history courses?

Susan B Anthony Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).
Susan B Anthony
Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

23) Did you have a sex education class? Did you talk about homosexuality? Masturbation? The clitoris? Lesbians?

24) Do you ever hug or kiss your male friends? If not, why not?

25) Do you ever worry that your penis is too small? Would it make any difference if it were smaller than the penises of your friends? Who do you allow to see you naked?

26) Does your school provide birth control information?

27) What would you do if your girlfriend needed an abortion?

28) Have you ever heard of a “loose woman”? Is that name a compliment? Have you ever heard of a “loose man”?

29) Is it important to you to go out with a lot of different women? Are the guys who do admired? Why?

30) Do girls ever ask you out? Would you like it if they did? Why or why not? Who pays on dates?

Clara Barton, Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).
Clara Barton, Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain).

31) Are you hung-up about being or not being a “virgin”?

32) Who gets aroused faster sexually, boys or girls? Who told you that?

33) Do you like your body?

Muhammad Ali: From the Dutch National Archives, The Hague, Fotocollectie Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANEFO), 1945-1989 bekijk toegang 2.24.01.04 Bestanddeelnummer 924-3060, CC BY-SA 3.0 nl, Wikimedia Commons.
Muhammad Ali: From the Dutch National Archives, The Hague, Fotocollectie Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANEFO), 1945-1989 bekijk toegang 2.24.01.04 Bestanddeelnummer 924-3060, CC BY-SA 3.0 nl, Wikimedia Commons.

34) Do you ever stare at women or make sexual remarks to strangers on the street?  Do women ever do this to you?

35) Would you want to be judged on the basis of the length of your penis or how much hair you have on your chest? If a woman walked up to you on the street, grabbed your penis, and said, “How are you today, Baby,” would you be flattered?

36) If you were in a dangerous situation with your girlfriend would you rather defend her or have her defend herself? Could you defend her? Could she defend herself?

37) Do you know any teenyboppers, bitches, foxy ladies?  Do you know any bachelor girls or old maids? Are these names compliments?

38) Do you feel obliged to make sexual advances toward a girl you go out with? Do girls ever “let you” do things to them? Why? Do you ever let girls do things to you sexually?

39) Do you touch girls casually? Do they touch you? What does it mean when a girl touches you? Does the principal of your school ever put his arm around your shoulder? What does that mean?

John Wayne: Source: Film Screenshot (Republic Pictures) - http://www.cinema.de, Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons.
John Wayne:
Source: Film Screenshot (Republic Pictures) – http://www.cinema.de, Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons.

40) Did you ever get into a fight with another guy who you weren’t really mad at? Who proved what?

41) Isn’t it a pain to try to be John Wayne or Mick

Mick Jagger: Source: Larry Rogers - http://www.flickr.com, CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.
Mick Jagger:
Source: Larry Rogers – http://www.flickr.com, CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jagger or your uncle or Muhammed Ali or super-stud?  Wouldn’t you rather just be yourself?

 

[Transcribed by Hannah Cohen and Rebecca Debus]

[1] Sojourner Truth (d. 1883) was a black suffragist and abolitionist; Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) was a prominent U.S. suffragist; Clara Barton (1821-1912) was the founder of the American Red Cross; and Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) was a birth control advocate, the founder of Planned Parenthood, and, unfortunately, a eugenicist.